Sri Lanka is often referred to as the Gem Island due to its rich deposits of precious and semi-precious gemstones. Gem mining and trading have been integral to Sri Lankas history and culture, and the country continues to be a significant player in the global gemstone market. Visitors often have the opportunity to explore gem markets and purchase authentic stones from reputable dealers. When purchasing gemstones in Sri Lanka, it is advisable to buy from reputable dealers who provide certification for authenticity. The gem industry is a significant part of the country is economy and gem shopping can be an exciting experience for visitors interested in precious stones.

1. Blue Sapphire: Sri Lanka is renowned for its world-class blue sapphires. The gemstones from Sri Lanka are highly prized for their intense blue color, exceptional clarity, and luster. The city of Ratnapura is a key hub for blue sapphire mining.
2. Ruby: Sri Lanka produces high-quality rubies, known for their vibrant red color. The gem mines in Ratnapura and other areas yield rubies that are sought after for their beauty and rarity.
3. Yellow Sapphire: Yellow sapphires from Sri Lanka come in a range of hues from pale yellow to deep gold. These gemstones are known for their brilliance and are often used in jewelry.
4. Cats Eye: Sri Lanka produces exquisite cats eye gemstones, which display a distinct chatoyant band that resembles a cats eye. These gems come in various colors, including green, yellow and brown.
5. Alexandrite: Sri Lanka is one of the few places where alexandrite is found. This color-changing gemstone is known for its ability to shift from green in daylight to red under incandescent light.
6. Padparadscha Sapphire: This unique and rare variety of sapphire exhibits a delicate pink-orange color, reminiscent of a lotus flower. Sri Lanka is a significant source of padparadscha sapphires and they are highly valued in the gem market.
7. Tourmaline: Sri Lanka is a source of various colors of tourmaline, including pink, green, and bi-color varieties. The gem is found in different regions of the country and is appreciated for its versatility.
8. Moonstone: Sri Lanka is famous for its blue moonstones, particularly those from the region of Meetiyagoda. Sri Lankan moonstones often exhibit a unique blue sheen, called adularescence and are used in jewelry and carvings.